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Salicornia bigelovii
''Salicornia bigelovii'' is a species of flowering plant in the amaranth family known by the common names dwarf saltwort and dwarf glasswort. It is native to coastal areas of the eastern and southern United States, as well as southern California, Belize, and coastal Mexico (both the east and west coasts).〔Godfrey, R. K. & J. W. Wooten. 1981. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Southeastern United States Dicotyledons 1–944. Univ. Georgia Press, Athens.〕〔Carnevali, G., J. L. Tapia-Muñoz, R. Duno de Stefano & I. M. Ramírez Morillo. 2010. Flora Ilustrada de la Peninsula Yucatán: Listado Florístico 1–326.〕〔Balick, M. J., M. H. Nee & D.E. Atha. 2000. Checklist of the vascular plants of Belize. Memoirs of The New York Botanical Garden 85: i–ix, 1–246〕 It is a plant of salt marshes, a halophyte which grows in saltwater. It is an annual herb producing an erect, branching stem which is jointed at many internodes. The fleshy, green to red stem can reach about 60 cm in height. The leaves are usually small plates, pairs of which are fused into a band around the stem. The inflorescence is a dense, sticklike spike of flowers. Each flower is made up of a fused pocket of sepals enclosing the stamens and stigmas, with no petals. The fruit is an utricle containing tiny, fuzzy seeds. The southern part of the species range is represented by the Petenes mangroves of the Yucatán, where it is a subdominant plant associate in the mangroves.〔
* World Wildlife Fund. eds. Mark McGinley, C.Michael Hogan & C. Cleveland. 2010. (''Petenes mangroves''. Encyclopedia of Earth. National Council for Science and the Environment. Washington DC )〕
==Uses==
This plant is gaining scientific attention for its potential to serve as an oil crop that can be grown in desert environments and maintained with water containing high levels of salts. It is the source of salicornia oil. The plant is up to 33% oil.〔Glenn, E. P., et al. (1991). ''Salicornia bigelovii'' Torr.: An oilseed halophyte for seawater irrigation. ''Science'' 251:4997 1065-67.〕 The oil contains up to 79% linoleic acid and is functionally similar to safflower oil.〔Anwar, F., et al. (2002). Analytical characterization of ''Salicornia bigelovii'' seed oil cultivated in Pakistan. ''J. Agric. Food Chem.'' 50:15 4210-14〕 It can be used as a cooking oil and a replacement for more valuable oils in chicken feed. Domestic animals can be fed the plant as a forage.〔Bashan, Y., et al. (2000). (Growth promotion of seawater irrigated oilseed halophyte ''Salicornia bigelovii'' inoculated with mangrove rhizosphere bacteria and halotolerant ''Azospirillum'' spp. ) ''Biol Fertil Soils'' 32:265-72.〕 The plant could also be a source of biofuel.〔Dickerson, M. (Letting the sea cultivate the land. ) ''Los Angeles Times'' July 10, 2008〕
Since the plant is a halophytic coastline species which grows in saltwater, it can be irrigated with seawater, making it a potential crop for landscapes that can support few other crop plants.〔〔 The plants can also be watered with high-salt drainage water, such as the effluent from farmland in California's Central Valley.〔Grattan, S. R., et al. (2008). (Feasibility of irrigating pickleweed (''Salicornia bigelovii'' Torr) with hyper-saline drainage water. ) ''J. Environ. Qual.'' 37 S-149.〕 Fields of the plant have been grown in wastewater from aquaculture farms in Eritrea and harvested for animal feed.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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